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Celestopea:
City of Dreams
by Jesse and Sumara Love
Imagine the fabled
city of Atlantis rising from the ocean depths, a beautiful, futuristic
wonder of curves and domes set upon the sparkling sea where a diverse,
multiracial, multicultural, highly educated society prospers and enjoys
radiant health while living extraordinarily long lives.
Though Atlantis passed
into history and mythology long ago, it still lives in the hearts of many of
us as a symbol of a time when an advanced civilization lived prosperously
and harmoniously upon the earth. With all the people on this planet, do we
not have the knowledge and tools to recreate such a shining light? You may
ask, "But where could we build such a place that isn’t already inhabited
and/or controlled or ruled by some other entity?" Seventy percent of the
earth’s surface is water, so why not look to the sea?
The Celestopea Project
is the planned ecological colonization of the earth's oceans through a
series of self-sufficient, semi-autonomous floating communities located in
international waters and incorporating innovative new technologies,
industries, and social organization. The residents of these future cities
throughout the world will show by exemplary actions that people of different
races and divergent political, religious, cultural, and social beliefs can
live and prosper together while also being good stewards of the earth,
respecting and thereby benefiting all inhabitants and ecosystems of the
planet.
If the Celestopea
Project planned to build the floating city out of any conventional material,
it would be cost-prohibitive to the tune of billions of dollars.
Fortunately, a new technology was pioneered in the early ’80s by a
University of Texas professor, Wolf Hilbertz, that allows us to create
buildings and even artificial islands from the minerals dissolved in
seawater. It is similar to the way shellfish create their shells. This
process is called by various names, Seament, Seacrete, and Sea Cement being
chief among them. Nancy Myers, a Celestopean and graduate student in
Northern California, is currently doing experiments to create Seament in
Humbolt Bay to perfect the technology.
Early
Seadomes, slated to begin construction this year, will be made of
ferrocement, a tried and true medium that has been used for over one hundred
years to build the most durable ships floating the seven seas. Ships built
of cement during the first decades of the twentieth century are still
floating, while many later generations of steel-hulled ships have rusted
through and sunk to the bottom.
Celestopea Seadomes
are designed like no other structures on Earth. Because they will be subject
to the unforgiving marine environment, they must not only be uniquely
resistant to corrosive elements but also inherently stronger than similar
land-based structures. The challenge becomes to create floating homes that
meet high structural engineering requirements while maintaining
aesthetically pleasing designs.
Perhaps the most
ambitious and world-changing undertaking of the Celestopea Project is the
creation of a grid of Ocean Thermal Energy Converters (OTECs) to power the
world into the 21st century and beyond. OTECs take advantage of the
perpetual difference between the temperature at the surface of the tropical
oceans and the cooler temperature 3,000 to 4,000 feet below the surface.
This temperature
variation is used to generate totally pollution-free electricity from an
inexhaustible renewable source. In fact, each day the 23 million square
miles of tropical ocean absorbs an amount of solar energy equal in heat
content to 250 billion barrels of oil. By way of comparison, all the
countries of the world together consume about 65 million barrels of oil each
day. If our worldwide grid of OTECs is only able to extract one tenth of one
percent of the daily solar radiation, they will produce twenty times the
daily amount of electricity currently consumed by the United States.
Only a small amount of
energy is required to pump large volumes of water 4,000 vertical feet up
from the ocean depths. Energy is only required for the pump to overcome the
difference between the density of the cold deep ocean water and the less
dense warmer surface water, plus the small amount of friction created as the
water passes through the pipe. Water pumped up from 4,000 feet below would
only require the energy needed to pump the same volume of water up 24 feet
on the surface. A 100-megawatt OTEC will consume 41 megawatts to pull up the
water while operating, leaving a net of 59 megawatts available for other
uses.
Hydrogen and oxygen
are additional fuel byproducts of OTEC operation. Water, in its elemental
form, is H2O,
or two parts hydrogen to one part oxygen. It is somewhat ironic to think
that water is used to put out fires, yet the two elements of which it is
composed, hydrogen and oxygen, are both highly flammable. These two elements
can be separated from the liquid water by a process known as electrolysis.
Direct solar cell electricity can be used to accomplish this. The resulting
oxygen can be released into the atmosphere to replenish the atmospheric
oxygen content, which has diminished over millennia. The hydrogen can be
used directly as fuel for virtually everything gasoline and oil are
currently used for. Hydrogen is such a pollution-free fuel that the mayor of
Chicago recently drank from the tailpipe of a hydrogen-powered bus to
demonstrate the purity of its emissions!
Inexhaustibly
renewable, pollution-free energy is merely the beginning of the benefits of
Celestopean OTECs. Tropical oceans are nearly empty of life, even though the
common conception is just the opposite. In reality, because growing
conditions are so ideal, algae, the base of the food chain, bloom in
explosive growths that rapidly consume all nutrients in the water, such as
nitrogen. They quickly die and fall to the ocean bottom, leaving the surface
fairly devoid of life. The nutrient-rich water Celestopean OTECs pull up
from the ocean depths will instigate an explosion of new life in the oceans.
The resulting micro-algae and phytoplankton growth, continually fed by new
nutrient-rich water pulled up by the OTECs, will become the base of a
tremendous increase in many types of fish and higher forms of marine life.
Celestopeans will also
farm the algae, both on the open sea and in large, shallow containment
ponds. The combination of tropical sun, perfect water temperature, nitrogen,
and nutrient-laden water will produce copious amounts of high-quality
protein each year. As additional Celestopean cities and OTECs begin to be
created in the world's oceans, the protein produced from our sea farms will
make a significant dent in the worldwide problems of hunger and
malnutrition.
According to the
United Nations, an adult person should receive a minimum of 35 grams of
protein every day. Each 100-megawatt OTEC will have the capacity to pump six
billion gallons of deep ocean water rich in nitrogen, the food of
phytoplankton. A gallon of seawater contains 1.7 to 1.8 milligrams of
nitrogen. Phytoplanktons are extremely efficient. They can convert 78-80% of
the nitrogen into usable protein. Phytoplanktons can convert the nitrogen in
the daily pumped water of a single OTEC into over eight tons of protein each
day, of which 65% will be high-quality protein. When harvested and
manufactured into a tasty, consumable form, enough protein is produced to
meet the needs of almost 150,000 people each day, and that's just one OTEC!
The forty-degree deep
ocean water can be mixed with warm surface water in any proportion to
produce greenhouse and sea farm environments with temperature ranges between
45 and ninety degrees. This allows mini-ecosystems to be created that can
grow virtually all fruits and vegetables from any continental climate. In
addition to tropical fish, the sea farms will also raise many types of
cold-water fish and shellfish such as salmon, trout, lobster, abalone,
oysters, and clams that would not normally survive in warm tropical waters.
OTECs will also be
used to desalinate seawater to produce one hundred percent pure drinking
water. OTECs set up off the coast of Africa, Australia, and the Middle East
can provide a great abundance of fresh water. Not only will this allow
deserts to blossom as roses, but it will also remove scarce water supplies
as a thorn of contention among nations. A two-megawatt (net) OTEC will
produce 4300 cubic meters of desalinated water each day by condensing the
spent steam created in the electrical generation process on the cold
seawater intake pipes.
Many
minerals and chemicals can also be derived as byproducts of OTEC operation
from the 57 elements dissolved in solution in seawater. Besides the fuels
hydrogen, oxygen, and methanol, other byproducts include ammonia, salt, and
chlorine. Additionally, when Celestopean Elemental Separators are utilized,
gold, platinum, and other rare and precious elements can also be
economically extracted. Past corporate analysis has always shown such
ventures to be unprofitable because the cost of pumping the large volume of
water necessary to extract significant amounts of minerals exceeds the
profits. This main obstacle is overcome, as the OTECs will already be
pumping vast quantities of water for other purposes.
The oceans are a vast
storehouse of energy, food, and minerals. They are inexhaustible when
utilized through OTEC technology. For those concerned about affecting the
current ocean equilibrium, our small pumping efforts, as enormous as they
may seem to us, will have absolutely no detrimental effects. As long as the
sun shines, the oceans are an eternally renewable resource when tapped
through OTECs.
"So where and when do
we get started," you ask? We have actually been laying the groundwork for
the past several years and are looking to begin construction on the first
floating ferrocement domes this year. The first City of Celestopea is
scheduled to be completed by the year 2011, but we plan on selling Sea Domes
to the public as floating homes within the next couple of years.
Just as "the people"
built the great pyramids of Egypt, which, centuries later, are still among
the absolute wonders of the world, let "the people" build Celestopea. Let us
bring our knowledge, talents, and abilities together to build our "City of
Dreams" and, as prophecy decrees, let us be the heralds of peace,
prosperity, and unity for all the people upon the earth.
For more information, go to <http://www.celestopea.com/>;
if you would like to participate, e-mail <participate@celestopea.com>.
Currently, we are seeking visionary artists to create their visions of
Celestopea so the architects and engineers can craft the dream. If you are
of such talent and are interested in investing your time and expertise,
please e-mail us at <artist@celestopea.com>.
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